235 ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease). ACC/AHA Versus ESC Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Peripheral Artery Disease JACC Guideline Comparison Aaron P. Kithcart , Joshua A. Beckman , et al. Journal of the American College of Cardiology The American College of Chest Physicians provides recommendations for the use of anticoagulant medications for several indications that are important in the primary care setting. American College of Cardiology (Figure 1.) has been used to assess the Quality and Strength of the Evidence in this Clinical Practice Guideline. 1 Definitions American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. Washington, DC: American College of Cardiology. Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Developed in partnership with the The American College of Chest Physicians guidelines 234 of 2001 recommended an INR of 2.5 to 3.5 for most patients with mechanical prosthetic valves and of 2.0 to 3.0 for those with bioprosthetic valves and low-risk patients with bileaflet mechanical valves (such as the St Jude Medical device) in the aortic position. American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP), American Heart Association (AHA), and the American College of Cardiology (ACC) have developed evidence-based medicine guidelines for the reversal of warfarin with FFP and/or Vitamin K. However, current guidelines from the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society, and American College of Chest Physicians have yet to incorporate the findings of this trial and remain based upon observational studies and expert opinion. Yet, the guidelines do largely agree upon 3 important principles.